Necessary Optimality Conditions for Continuous-Time Optimization Problems with Equality and Inequality Constraints

The paper is devoted to obtain first and second order necessary optimality conditions for continuous-time optimization problems with equality and inequality constraints. A full rank type regularity condition along with an uniform implicit function theorem are used in order to establish such necessary conditions.Comment: 20 page

O PROJETO DE LEI DE RESPONSABILIDADE TERRITORIAL E A ATUAÇÃO DE GEÓGRAFOS URBANOS

This paper highlights polemical aspects of the 3057/2000 Law Project - “Territorial Accountability Law”- which suggests proposals contradictory to thesocial role of the city and property expressed in the Federal Constitution of  1988 and in the City Statute. It proposes to regularize “enclosed” communities (housing developments and/or gated communities) based on articles that define specific-interest land regularization and restrictive-access housing developments. Real estate promoters act for the approval of those developments that allow them to increase their income, interests and profits. Urban popular movements struggle against the city of “feuds” and count on the action of the AGB, the Cities’ Council and the Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office which shows the unconstitutionality of the Law Project.O texto destaca aspectos polêmicos do Projeto de Lei 3057/2000 - “Lei de Responsabilidade Territorial” - que apresenta propostas contraditórias em relaçãoà função social da cidade e da propriedade expressa na Constituição Federal de 1988 e no Estatuto da Cidade. O texto propõe regularizar os loteamentos “murados” (loteamentos e/ou condomínios fechados) por meio da regularização fundiária de interesse específico e loteamentos de acesso restrito. Os promotores imobiliários atuam para a aprovação do Projeto de Lei que lhes permitiria aumentar as rendas, juros e lucros. Os movimentos populares urbanos lutam contra a cidade de “feudos” e contam com a atuação da AGB, com o Conselho das Cidades e com o Ministério Público Federal, que mostra a inconstitucionalidade desse projeto

Direitos humanos: da uniformidade da espécie à universalidade do direito

This article intends to approach, for a philosophical bias, the problem of Human Rights enunciated in Declarations of the XVIII and XX centuries. The basic question is human rights based on the "ideal of humanity" or "human dignity", considering two ideas: 1) the paradox of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and the notion that one feels only a human "With guaranteed rights someone who sees himself contemplated in the legal scope of a nation. 2) Humanity as a "great family" (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948), and the world as "great nation". Therefore, we promote in this work a debate between three thinkers: Diderot, with his notion of the general will of the human race; Rousseau, with his refutation of Diderot's thesis, denying that there is a "natural or general society among men"; And Kant, who in his Perpetual Peace, in his own way, takes up the notion of cosmopolitanism denied by Rousseau and points to the possibility of the right to extend to all mankind.Este artigo pretende abordar, por um viés filosófico, o problema dos Direitos Humanos enunciados em Declarações dos séculos XVIII e XX. A questão de fundo consiste nos Direitos do Homem a partir do “ideal de humanidade” ou “dignidade humana” considerando duas ideias: 1) o paradoxo da Declaração dos Direitos do Homem e do Cidadão e a noção de que só se sente um “humano” com direitos garantidos alguém que se vê contemplado no bojo jurídico de uma nação. 2) A humanidade como “grande família” (Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, de 1948), e o mundo como “grande nação”. Para tanto, promovemos neste trabalho um debate entre três pensadores: Diderot, com sua noção de vontade geral do gênero humano; Rousseau, com sua refutação à tese de Diderot, negando que exista uma “sociedade natural ou geral entre os homens”; e Kant, que no seu À Paz Perpétua retoma, a seu modo, a noção de cosmopolitismo negada por Rousseau e aponta para a possibilidade do direito se estender a toda a humanidade

O homem e a política em A condição humana

Resumo: Este artigo expõe, brevemente, um estudo sobre a condição humana segundo Hannah Arendt. Em um primeiro momento, conclui-se, mediante a análise do homem e da história humana, a despolitização do homem moderno. Mas, após a evidência da “ação” como uma característica humana que promove esperança, notaremos, de uma forma otimista, que há a possibilidade da ação política.Palavras-chave: Trabalho; Labor; Ação; Natalidade

a systematic review

Publisher Copyright: © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.Objectives: Active duty Navy military personnel are prone to vitamin D deficiency due to an occupational environment detrimental to sunlight exposure. The main objective of this systematic review is to provide a worldwide overview of vitamin D status in this population. Methods: The Condition, Context, Population (CoCoPop) mnemonic was used to define the inclusion criteria (vitamin D status; all contexts; active duty Navy military personnel). Studies with recruits or veterans were excluded. Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed/Medline databases were searched from inception to 30 June 2022. Joanna Briggs Institute and Downs & Black checklists were used for quality assessment and data were synthesised in narrative and tabular formats. Results: Thirteen studies published between 1975 and 2022 and conducted in northern hemisphere Navies, including mainly young and male service members, were included. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was globally reported as significant. Nine studies included a total of 305 male submariners who performed 30-92 days submarine patrol and reported the effect of sunlight deprivation in the decrease of vitamin D levels. Conclusions: This new systematic review underlines the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the Navy, especially in submariners, and the need to implement measures to prevent vitamin D deficiency. Serum 25(OH)D data available and the heterogeneity of the studies limited a pooled analysis. Most studies included only submariners, which may limit generalisability to all active duty Navy military personnel. Further research on this topic should be promoted. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022287057.publishersversionpublishe